1st Cabinet ;-----
15 August 1947- Jawaharlal Nehru became the 1st PM of Independent India.
1st Deputy PM- Sardar Vallabhai Patel (incharge of Home, Information & Broadcasting). He served till death on 15 December 1950.
C Rajagopalachari was the next Home Minister.
15 August 1947- Jawaharlal Nehru became the 1st PM of Independent India.
1st Deputy PM- Sardar Vallabhai Patel (incharge of Home, Information & Broadcasting). He served till death on 15 December 1950.
C Rajagopalachari was the next Home Minister.
Princely States Integration ;-----
562 Princely States during independence.
562 Princely States during independence.
Prominent were Hyderabad, Kashmir, Rajputana, Junagarh,
Cooch-Behar, Mysore, Travancore, Manipur, Benarus, Baroda.
Sardar Patel assisted by VP Menon (Secretary of state department) worked on the integration process.
Hyderabad--
Hyderabad--
Ruled by Rich Nizams.
Last Nizam was Osman Ali Khan, Asif Jah 7.
Razakars(Raja's army) with leader Kasim Razvi, suppressed people who wanted to join Indian union.
Indian troops invaded Hyderabad (Operation Polo) in (13-18)September 1948. Nizam agreed an instrument of accession to join IU.
Last Nizam was Osman Ali Khan, Asif Jah 7.
Razakars(Raja's army) with leader Kasim Razvi, suppressed people who wanted to join Indian union.
Indian troops invaded Hyderabad (Operation Polo) in (13-18)September 1948. Nizam agreed an instrument of accession to join IU.
He acted as Raj Pramukh of Hyderabad (26 Jan 1950 to 31 Oct 1956).
Kashmir--
Kashmir--
Last King- Raja Hari Singh was reluctant to join India or Pakistan.
Sheikh Abdulla, the leader of National Conference party leader opposed kings decision to remain a single entity.
Pak-supported pathan tribes invaded Kashmir, proceeded to the capital Srinagar.
Raja requested military support of India.
Eventually King signed an instrument of accession(26 Oct 1947), appointed interim govt under Sheikh Abdulla.
Indian Army recaptured Jammu & Srinagar.
According to Article 370, Indian Constitution came into force in Kashmir on 26 Jan 1950.
NW Region of Kashmir called Pak Occupied Kashmir. Headquarters at Muzaffarabad.
Junagarh--
A princely state in Kathiawar peninsula of Gujarat, border with Pakistan.
Last Nawab- Muhammad Mahabat Khanji 3, signed instrument of accession with Pakistan.
Referendum by India Govt on Junagarh saw people support with India merger.
Nawab went to Pakistan & Junagarh merged with IU.
M K Gandhi Assassination ;-----
Assassinated by at 5:17 p.m. on 30 January 1948 near Birla house, New Delhi.
Assassin was Nathuram Vinayak Godse, Editor of the journal 'Hindurashtra'. Also member of Hindu Mahasabha party.
Used Italian Beretta M 1934 Semi-automatic pistol to assassin.
Murder trial opened at Delhi's Red fort, on May 1948 with Godse ,Narayan Apte & 6 other defendants.
Godse & Apte sentenced to death on 8th Nov & hanged on 15th Nov 1949 on Ambala jail.
VD Savarkar acquitted, but set free because of no evidence.
Rashtriya Swayam Sevak Sangh(RSS) was banned due to Gandhi's assassination.
India becomes a Republic ;-----
Constituent Assembly adopted Indian Constitution on 26th November 1949.
India became a sovereign democratic republic after Constitution came into effect on 26th January 1950.
1st president- Dr. Rajendra Prasad.
1st General Election(1951-52) ;-----
Until 1st General Election, Constituent Assembly served as Interim Parliament.
1st GE conducted for 489 seats in 401 constituencies, Out of which 314 with 1 seat, 86 with 2 seats & 1 with 3 seats.
Polling b/w (25 Oct 1951 to 27 Mar 1952).
Presidential Election ;-----
1st Presidential Election held by Election Commission of India on 2nd May, 1952.
Rajendra Prasad(INC)- 507,400 votes(83.81%) beat KT Shah- 92,827 votes(15.3%), a socialist leader.
Lok Sabha (1952);-----
Formed on 17th April 1952.
1st session on 13th May 1952.
Called as 'Lower House/ House of People'.
Renamed as Lok Sabha on 14th May 1954.
1st Speaker- GV Mavlankar
1st Deputy Speaker- MA Ayyangar.
Leader of the House of the 1st Lok Sabha- Jawaharlal Nehru.
1st Secretary General- MN Kaul.
Rajya Sabha (1952);-----
Formed on 3rd April 1952.
1st meeting on 13th May 1952.
Called Council of States later changed to Rajya Sabha on 23rd August 1954.
1st Chairman- Dr. S Radhakrishnan.
He was called Father of Rajya Sabha by J Nehru.
1st Deputy Chairman- SV Krishnamoorthy Rao.
1st leader of House- Gopalaswami Ayyangar.
1st Secretary General- SN Mukherjee.
Damodar Valley Corporation(DVC) ;-----
1st multi-purpose river valley project in independent India started on 7th July 1948. Hq at Kolkata.
DVC is under Union Ministry of Power.
1st dam of project was built across the Barakar at Tilayia in Koderma district, Jharkhand.
Tilayia Dam inaugurated in 21st Feb 1953.
Barakar river is the main tributary of Damodar river.
Atomic Energy Commission ;-----
Formed on 3rd August 1948.
It's the governing body of the Dept of Atomic Energy(DAE). Headquarters at Mumbai.
Function directly under Prime Minister.
1st Chairman- Homi J Babha(1948-1966).
AEC has 5 research centres-
1) Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) Mumbai.
2) Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research(IGCAR), Kalpakkam(T.Nadu).
3) Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology(RRCAT), Indore.
4) Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre (VECC), Kolkata.
5) Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration & Research(AMD), Hyderabad.
Planning Commission ;-----
Formed on 15th March 1950.
National Development Council (NDC) finalized 5 year plans with PM ex-officio Chairman.
Hq at Yojana Bhavan.
Sheikh Abdulla, the leader of National Conference party leader opposed kings decision to remain a single entity.
Pak-supported pathan tribes invaded Kashmir, proceeded to the capital Srinagar.
Raja requested military support of India.
Eventually King signed an instrument of accession(26 Oct 1947), appointed interim govt under Sheikh Abdulla.
Indian Army recaptured Jammu & Srinagar.
According to Article 370, Indian Constitution came into force in Kashmir on 26 Jan 1950.
NW Region of Kashmir called Pak Occupied Kashmir. Headquarters at Muzaffarabad.
Junagarh--
A princely state in Kathiawar peninsula of Gujarat, border with Pakistan.
Last Nawab- Muhammad Mahabat Khanji 3, signed instrument of accession with Pakistan.
Referendum by India Govt on Junagarh saw people support with India merger.
Nawab went to Pakistan & Junagarh merged with IU.
M K Gandhi Assassination ;-----
Assassinated by at 5:17 p.m. on 30 January 1948 near Birla house, New Delhi.
Assassin was Nathuram Vinayak Godse, Editor of the journal 'Hindurashtra'. Also member of Hindu Mahasabha party.
Used Italian Beretta M 1934 Semi-automatic pistol to assassin.
Murder trial opened at Delhi's Red fort, on May 1948 with Godse ,Narayan Apte & 6 other defendants.
Godse & Apte sentenced to death on 8th Nov & hanged on 15th Nov 1949 on Ambala jail.
VD Savarkar acquitted, but set free because of no evidence.
Rashtriya Swayam Sevak Sangh(RSS) was banned due to Gandhi's assassination.
India becomes a Republic ;-----
Constituent Assembly adopted Indian Constitution on 26th November 1949.
India became a sovereign democratic republic after Constitution came into effect on 26th January 1950.
1st president- Dr. Rajendra Prasad.
1st General Election(1951-52) ;-----
Until 1st General Election, Constituent Assembly served as Interim Parliament.
1st GE conducted for 489 seats in 401 constituencies, Out of which 314 with 1 seat, 86 with 2 seats & 1 with 3 seats.
Polling b/w (25 Oct 1951 to 27 Mar 1952).
Presidential Election ;-----
1st Presidential Election held by Election Commission of India on 2nd May, 1952.
Rajendra Prasad(INC)- 507,400 votes(83.81%) beat KT Shah- 92,827 votes(15.3%), a socialist leader.
Lok Sabha (1952);-----
Formed on 17th April 1952.
1st session on 13th May 1952.
Called as 'Lower House/ House of People'.
Renamed as Lok Sabha on 14th May 1954.
1st Speaker- GV Mavlankar
1st Deputy Speaker- MA Ayyangar.
Leader of the House of the 1st Lok Sabha- Jawaharlal Nehru.
1st Secretary General- MN Kaul.
Rajya Sabha (1952);-----
Formed on 3rd April 1952.
1st meeting on 13th May 1952.
Called Council of States later changed to Rajya Sabha on 23rd August 1954.
1st Chairman- Dr. S Radhakrishnan.
He was called Father of Rajya Sabha by J Nehru.
1st Deputy Chairman- SV Krishnamoorthy Rao.
1st leader of House- Gopalaswami Ayyangar.
1st Secretary General- SN Mukherjee.
Damodar Valley Corporation(DVC) ;-----
1st multi-purpose river valley project in independent India started on 7th July 1948. Hq at Kolkata.
DVC is under Union Ministry of Power.
1st dam of project was built across the Barakar at Tilayia in Koderma district, Jharkhand.
Tilayia Dam inaugurated in 21st Feb 1953.
Barakar river is the main tributary of Damodar river.
Atomic Energy Commission ;-----
Formed on 3rd August 1948.
It's the governing body of the Dept of Atomic Energy(DAE). Headquarters at Mumbai.
Function directly under Prime Minister.
1st Chairman- Homi J Babha(1948-1966).
AEC has 5 research centres-
1) Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) Mumbai.
2) Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research(IGCAR), Kalpakkam(T.Nadu).
3) Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology(RRCAT), Indore.
4) Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre (VECC), Kolkata.
5) Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration & Research(AMD), Hyderabad.
Planning Commission ;-----
Formed on 15th March 1950.
National Development Council (NDC) finalized 5 year plans with PM ex-officio Chairman.
Hq at Yojana Bhavan.
The Idea of a Planning Commission adopted from Soviet Union.
1st 5 year plan was on the development of agricultural sector.
1st Chairman of NDC & Planning Commission was J Nehru.
1st Deputy Chairman- Gulsarilal Nanda.
Replaced by NITI Aayog in 1st Jan 2015.
1st Finance Commission ;-----
Established in 1951 under Article 280.
Commission is appointed in every 5 years consist of a Chairman & members.
Hq at New Delhi.
1st Chairman- KC Neogy.
Main function is to recommend the distribution of net proceeds of taxes between Centre & states, to be divided as per their respective contributions to the taxes.
1st Census ;-----
1st Census of Independent India(1951), was the 9th in a series of censuses held in India in every decade since 1872.
1st Census Population- 361,088,090.
Just 18% of the population was literate & life expectancy was 32 years.
No Census in J & K in 1951.
1st 5 year plan was on the development of agricultural sector.
1st Chairman of NDC & Planning Commission was J Nehru.
1st Deputy Chairman- Gulsarilal Nanda.
Replaced by NITI Aayog in 1st Jan 2015.
1st Finance Commission ;-----
Established in 1951 under Article 280.
Commission is appointed in every 5 years consist of a Chairman & members.
Hq at New Delhi.
1st Chairman- KC Neogy.
Main function is to recommend the distribution of net proceeds of taxes between Centre & states, to be divided as per their respective contributions to the taxes.
1st Census ;-----
1st Census of Independent India(1951), was the 9th in a series of censuses held in India in every decade since 1872.
1st Census Population- 361,088,090.
Just 18% of the population was literate & life expectancy was 32 years.
No Census in J & K in 1951.
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