Demography; India

Demography is the study of population.
Father of Demography- John Graunt. His famous work- 'Natural & political observations made upon the Bills of Mortality'.
Data as per Census of Year(2011). 

Population ;--
Most populated- Utter Pradesh 19.98 Cr (16.5%).
2nd most populated- Maharashtra
Less populated - Sikkim 6,10,577.
Union Territories
Most populated- Delhi 1,67,87,941
2nd populated- puducherry 12,47,953
Less populated- Lakshadweep 64,473

10year population growth index:-(2011)
Less - Nagaland 0.47% (state)
Lakshadweep 6.23 % (U territory)
Most - Meghalaya 27.82 % (state)
Dadra & Nagar haveli 55.50 % (U territory)

Literacy ;--
Most literate - Kerala 94 % (state)
Most literate district in India -
Serchhip (Mizoram)
India's 1st complete literate district - Ernakulam
India's 1st complete literate city- Kottayam
Lakshadweep ( U territory)
Least literate - Bihar 61.8 % (state)
Least literate district in India -
Alirajpur (Madhya Pradesh)

Population Density ;--
Most densest state - Bihar
Most densest district- Mumbai city
Least densest state - Arunachal Pradesh
Least densest district - Leh(Kashmir)
Most populous Kerala cooperation- Trivandrum
Least populous Kerala cooperation- Thrissur
Most populous Kerala village- KannanDevan hills.
Least populous Kerala village- Mlapara(perumedu thaluk, Idduki)
Most populous Kerala gram Panchayat- Munnar
Least populous Kerala gram Panchayat- vattavada(Idduki)

Woman-Man ratio :-India in 1000s.

1901 - 972
2011 - 943

Most - Kerala 1084(state)
2nd most - puducherry 1038
Least - Haryana 877(state)
Least - Daman & Diu 618
Scheduled caste- 16.86 % of population

SC ratio:-
Most - Punjab 31.9% (state)
Chandigarh 18.9 % (U territory)
Least - Mizoram (state)
Dadra & Nagar haveli (U territory)
Scheduled Tribes- 8.6 % of population

ST ratio:-
Most - Mizoram 94.4%, (state)
Lakshadweep 94.4 % (U territory)
Least - Utter Pradesh
Rangarajan committee report (2014)
From 1970 BPL index is in use.
Poverty based on the minimum energy(calories) requirements.
Rural need 2400 calories(972 Rs), urban need 2100 calories(1407 Rs) monthly.

29.5 % of Indian population is BPL (36.29cr)
26.05 cr- rural (30.9 %) & 10.24 cr -urban(26.4 %).
Chhattisgarh- Most 47.9% (124.8 lakh) BPL
Goa -Least 6.3 %.
Most BPL people in numbers Utter Pradesh (39.8%)- 809.1 lakh.

BPL minimum income global standard-1.9 dollars.
Globally BPL population- 9.6 %(2015 world bank statistics - 70.2 cr)