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Tuesday, 24 April 2018

Scientific Inventions & Discoveries



'The voyage in the Beegle'- work of Charles Darwin, after 5 years of ship voyage.

Gravity ;-----
Sir Isaac Newton discovered the Force of Gravity. His major publication is 'Philosophia Naturalis Principia Mathematica'. Newton's laws of motion published through this book.

Electric Bulb ;-----
Invented by Thomas Alva Edison.

X-Rays(1895) ;-----
Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen, a German physicist invented X-Ray for which he earned the 1st Nobel in 1901. Cathode rays striking heavy metals with high melting point, x-rays are produced.
They're electromagnetic waves produced in Coolidge tubes.
X-ray intensity depends on heating voltage or filament current.
1) Used to detect bone fractures, bullet or stone in the body, treat cancer like diseases.
2) ‎Used in study of crystal structure, detecting pearls in oysters.
In honor of his contributions, International Union of Pure & Applied Chemistry(IUPAC), named element Roentagenium after his name.

Raman Effect ;-----
C V Raman discovered Raman effect.
It is used to study Molecular Energy.
February 28 is celebrated as National Science Day, the very day on which Raman effect was declared.

Infrared Rays ;-----
1) Electromagnetic waves used in breath analyzers to catch people driving under alcohol.
2) ‎Used in airports to detect people suffering from swine flu.
3) ‎Used to treat muscular strain, taking photograph in fog/smoke, in greenhouse to keep plants warm, in weather forecasting through infrared photography, in night vision apparatus.

Ultraviolet Rays ;-----
1) Used in study of molecular structure, in sterilizing surgical instruments, detecting forged documents & fingerprints, in water purification to kill harmful microorganisms.

Radar ;-----
Detect & measure distance & position of clouds, explore metal/oil reserve, outer layer of atmosphere, locate& identify aeroplanes, ships, missiles etc.

Masers ;-----
Detect actual position of the artificial position of the artificial satellites, fighter planes, unwanted missiles etc.

Photoelectric Effect ;-----
Phenomenon of emission of electrons from a metal surface when light of suitable frequency strikes it.
Explained by Albert Einstein.



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