Indian Mountains & Plateaus

Pamir Ranges situated approx. on centre of Asia. 

Ranges Called the roof of the world.

Hindukush, Suleiman,Himalayas, Kunlun, Altin, Arakanyoma emerge from Pamir ranges.

Northern Mountain Regions ;--------
1.) TransHimalayas(Northern)- Karakoram(Krishnagiri), Ladakh, Saskar ranges.
2.) Midrange- Poorvachal(Eastern Hill)- Khasi, Gharo & Jayantia hills(Meghalaya), Patkai-bum(Arunachal Pradesh), Lushai hills(Mizoram), Naga hills, Mizo hills & Tripura hills.
Patkai-bum-International boundary b/w Arunachal & Myanmar.
Mawsynram receiving highest rainfall in the world(Khasi hills, Meghalaya).
Chirapunchi(Sobra)is in Meghalaya.

3.) Himalayas, which got 3 parallels- Himadri(great), Himachal(lesser), Shivalik ranges.
Himadri is the backbone of Himalayas.It's major Peaks are M.Everest(Nepal), Kanchenjunga(Sikkim), Nanda Devi (Uttarakhand).

Himalayas lies b/w rivers Indus & Brahmaputra. It's Total length 2560 km & Breadth(240-320)km. Average height above MSL- 6000m.
Rock system are mainly Sedimentary.
Plate Tectonics theory associated with the origin of Himalayas.
Indo-Australian plate & Eurasian plate converged to form Himalayas.
Himalayas replaced Tethis sea.
Highest peak of Himalayas- Mount Everest 8869 m (Nepal). It was identified as the tallest peak in the world by Radhanath Sikthar.

Highest peak of Himalayas in india- Kangenjunga- 8595 m(Sikkim).
Highest peak of India -Godwin Austin (Mount K2) 8661 m(J&K) is situated in the Karakoram ranges.
The highest peak in the Ladakh range- Mt. Rakaposhi.
Siachen Glacier- length 70 km, altitude 5753 m, east of Karakoram ranges.
Karakoram pass, Sojila pass - (J& K)
Shipkila pass - Himachal Pradesh
Sojila pass - (3528m), NH 1 Nathula pass, jelaphla pass - Sikkim
Bodila pass - Arunachal Pradesh
Kaiber pass - Pakistan-Afghanistan pass

Kanjenganga(Himalayas) 8595 m - Sikkim
Nandadevi(Himalayas) 7817 m - Uttarakhand.
Saltoro kangri (karakoram) 7742 m - J & K
Kiangto(Himalayas) 7090 m - Arunachal P
Leo pargil(Himalayas) 6816 m - H Pradesh
Saramati(saramati) 3841 m - Nagaland
Sandakafu(Himalayas) 3636 m - W Bengal
Ghayang(Himalayas) 3114 m - Manipur
Anamudi(western Ghats) 2695 m - Kerala
Dodabeta(Western Ghats,Neelagiri) 2637 m- Tamil nadu.
Kulu, Kangra valleys- Himachal(lesser Himalayas).
Nepal Himalayas- 8000 km
Nathula Pass - (at + 4310 m), India-China.

Aravalli Ranges ;--------
The oldest folded mountains in India. It extends NE to SW, about 800km b/w Delhi & Palanpur(Gujarat).
Major portion is at Rajasthan where it's highest peak Mount Gurusikhar is situated.
Mount Abu hill station is at Aravalli.

Dilwara temple, a main pilgrim station.
Ajmeer- Muslim pilgrim centre.
Goranghat pass separate Gurusikhar from Mount Abu.

Vindhyan ranges ;--------
Sparates Northern India from Southern Mainland. It's highest point is 'the Sadh-Bhawna Shikhar'.
'Ramapithekus' human fossil was found in India at Sivalik mountain ranges.
Patkai ranges situated in Eastern India.

Satpura Ranges ;--------
Located parallel to Vindhyan ranges.
River Narmada flows b/w Vindhyan & Satpura ranges.

Western Ghats ;--------
Declared UNESCO's World Heritage Site in July 1st 2012(at St.Petersburg).
Spreads parallel to western coast at 1600km length from the mouth of Tapti river in North to Kanyakumari in South.
It passes through 6 states- Gujarat, (Sahyadri) Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, (Sahyaparvatham) Kerala & Tamil Nadu.
Highest peak in Western Ghat & Peninsular India- Anamudi(2695m).
The hills of Anamalai, Elamalai & Palani meet at Anamudi.
Kodaikanal hill station on Palani hills.
Western & Eastern Ghats meet at Nillagiri, Tamil Nadu.
Largest pass- Palghat pass.
Madhav Gadgill & Kasturirangan committees studied the Ghats.
Oommen V Oommen committee reviewed Kasturirangan report.

Eastern Ghats ;--------
Ranges stretching from Mahanadi valley to Nilagiri parallel to East Coast.
Highest peak- Jidhagada.

Peninsular Plateau is the largest physiographic division of India. The major mountains of Peninsular plateau are Aravalli, Western & Eastern Ghats.
Major plateaus are,

1. Malwa plateau- Spread across Rajasthan, Madhya P & Gujarat.
2. Deccan plateau- triangular shape, largest plateau in India.
Largest lava plateau in the world.
Thick horizontal lava sheets in NW Deccan plateau- Deccan Trap.
Deccan Trap area famous for cotton cultivation.
Pass known key to Deccan- Azirghat pass
3. ‎Chotanagpur Plateau- mineral house of India(Jharkhand, Bihar).
The plateau sprawls over part of W.Bengal, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, NE Andhra.