Muhammad bin Qasim ;----
The 1st Arab who invaded India(712AD).
He 1st captured Sindh by killing king Dahir in the battle of Aror on the banks of Indus river.
Mahmud of Ghazni ;----
He attacked India 17 times b/w 1000 A.D.to 1027 A.D.
1st Sultan of India, 1st expedition was against Peshwar (1000A.D.)
Defeated Jayapala in the 1st battle of Waihind (1001A.D.)
He attacked famous Somnath temple in Gujarat (1025A.D.)
Muhammad Ghori ;----
True founder of the Muslim rule in India.
He was defeated by Prithviraj 3 of Chauhana dynasty in the Battle of Tarain(1191A.D) in his 3rd expedition.
But revenged him in the 2nd Battle of Tarain (1192A.D) which lead the foundation of Muslim rule in India. Delhi came under Muslim rule.
Ghori defeated king Jayachandra in the battle of Chandwar(1193A.D.).
Qututb din Ibak was his slave to whom he handed over his territory when he left India.
Bhaktiar Khilji was his main commander who destroyed Nalanda & Vikramshila universities in Bihar (1193A.D.)
Delhi Sultanate(1206-1526);----
Delhi Sultanate spanned 5 dynasties,32 rulers & 320 years.
Dynasties were Slave, Khilji, Tughlaq, Sayyid & Lodi.
Slave Dynasty ;------
Qututb din Ibak (1206-1210) ;--
He founded Delhi Sultanate (1206).
The 1st Arab who invaded India(712AD).
He 1st captured Sindh by killing king Dahir in the battle of Aror on the banks of Indus river.
Mahmud of Ghazni ;----
He attacked India 17 times b/w 1000 A.D.to 1027 A.D.
1st Sultan of India, 1st expedition was against Peshwar (1000A.D.)
Defeated Jayapala in the 1st battle of Waihind (1001A.D.)
He attacked famous Somnath temple in Gujarat (1025A.D.)
Muhammad Ghori ;----
True founder of the Muslim rule in India.
He was defeated by Prithviraj 3 of Chauhana dynasty in the Battle of Tarain(1191A.D) in his 3rd expedition.
But revenged him in the 2nd Battle of Tarain (1192A.D) which lead the foundation of Muslim rule in India. Delhi came under Muslim rule.
Ghori defeated king Jayachandra in the battle of Chandwar(1193A.D.).
Qututb din Ibak was his slave to whom he handed over his territory when he left India.
Bhaktiar Khilji was his main commander who destroyed Nalanda & Vikramshila universities in Bihar (1193A.D.)
Delhi Sultanate(1206-1526);----
Delhi Sultanate spanned 5 dynasties,32 rulers & 320 years.
Dynasties were Slave, Khilji, Tughlaq, Sayyid & Lodi.
Slave Dynasty ;------
Qututb din Ibak (1206-1210) ;--
He founded Delhi Sultanate (1206).
Founder of Slave/Ghulam dynasty.
He was widely knownas 'Lakbaksha' meant giver of lakhs.
Started work of Qutab Minar in Delhi, named it after Sufi saint Qutub-Ud-Din Bakhtiar Kaki.
Qutub din died (1210) falling from the horse while playing Polo(Chaughan).
Aram Shah(1210-1211);--
Shamsuddin Illtutmish (1211-1236) ;--
Called as the slave of a slave.
Called 'Sultan-i-Asam'.
Considered as the real founder of slave dynasty.
He promoted silver money 'Thanka'.
Completed the construction of Qutub Minar(1231).
Empress Raziya Sultana(1236-1240) ;--
Daughter of Illtutmish. The only Sultana of Delhi of medieval India.
Giazuddin Balban(1266-1286) ;--
Real name- Ulugh Khan.
Known as the iron man of Delhi sultanate.
He was widely knownas 'Lakbaksha' meant giver of lakhs.
Started work of Qutab Minar in Delhi, named it after Sufi saint Qutub-Ud-Din Bakhtiar Kaki.
Qutub din died (1210) falling from the horse while playing Polo(Chaughan).
Aram Shah(1210-1211);--
Shamsuddin Illtutmish (1211-1236) ;--
Called as the slave of a slave.
Called 'Sultan-i-Asam'.
Considered as the real founder of slave dynasty.
He promoted silver money 'Thanka'.
Completed the construction of Qutub Minar(1231).
Empress Raziya Sultana(1236-1240) ;--
Daughter of Illtutmish. The only Sultana of Delhi of medieval India.
Giazuddin Balban(1266-1286) ;--
Real name- Ulugh Khan.
Known as the iron man of Delhi sultanate.
Khilji Dynasty(1290-1320) ;------
They were thesultanate who reigned for least time in Delhi.
Jalaluddin Firuz Khilji(1290-1296);--
Khilji dynasty was founded by Jalaluddin Khilji. He killed Kayumars & ended slave dynasty.
They were thesultanate who reigned for least time in Delhi.
Jalaluddin Firuz Khilji(1290-1296);--
Khilji dynasty was founded by Jalaluddin Khilji. He killed Kayumars & ended slave dynasty.
He was poisoned by Alauddin Khilji (1296).
Alauddin Khilji(1296-1316);--
Known as the 2nd Alexander.
Renowned as the Samudragupta of Muslim India.
Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah(1316-1320);--
TuklaqDynasty(1320-1414) ;-------------
Longest reign of Delhi by Tuklaq dynasty.
Giazuddin Tuklaq(1321-1325) ;--
Founded Tuklaq dynasty. He died of a pavilion falling on him.
Muhammad bin Tuklaq(1325-1351);--
Changed capital from Delhi to Daulathabad(1327).
Token currency issued in 1329. He is known as the sultan of controversies.
Ibin batutha, the Moroccan traveler visited India at his time.
Alauddin Khilji(1296-1316);--
Known as the 2nd Alexander.
Renowned as the Samudragupta of Muslim India.
Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah(1316-1320);--
TuklaqDynasty(1320-1414) ;-------------
Longest reign of Delhi by Tuklaq dynasty.
Giazuddin Tuklaq(1321-1325) ;--
Founded Tuklaq dynasty. He died of a pavilion falling on him.
Muhammad bin Tuklaq(1325-1351);--
Changed capital from Delhi to Daulathabad(1327).
Token currency issued in 1329. He is known as the sultan of controversies.
Ibin batutha, the Moroccan traveler visited India at his time.
Firozsha Shah Tuklaq(1351-1388);--
He was the son of Hindu princess of Dipalpur.
Fetched 'Jazia' for the 1st time on non-muslims. Built Yamuna canal, he's known for constructing network of canals.
Founded cities of Jaunpur, Firozpur, Firoz Shah Kotla & Hissar-Firoza.
Rebuilt top two floors of Qutub Minar damaged in lightning(1368A.D).
Nasiruddin Muhammad Shah;--
A Mongolian invader, Timur attacked India during his time(1398).
Sayyid Dynasty(1414-1451) ;------
The 4th dynasty of Delhi Sultanate. Claimed themselves as the descendants of Prophet Muhammad.
Khizr Khan(1414-1421);--
Founded Sayyid Dynasty.
Mubarak Shah(1421-1434);--
Muhammad Shah(1434-1445);--
Alam Shah(1445-1451);--
Lodi Dynasty(1451-1526) ;------
Founded Sayyid Dynasty.
Mubarak Shah(1421-1434);--
Muhammad Shah(1434-1445);--
Alam Shah(1445-1451);--
Lodi Dynasty(1451-1526) ;------
Bahlul Lodi(1451-1489);--
Founded LodiDynasty.
SikenderLodi(1489-1517);--
The greatest Lodi ruler. Original name is Nizam Shah.
He wrote Persian verses under pen name 'Gulrukhi'.
Founder of Agra city.
Ibrahim Lodi(1517-1526);--
He was the last Sultan of Lodi dynasty.
1st Panipat war(1526) saw Babur defeat Ibrahim Lodi which uprooted Lodi dynasty. Lodi dynasty is the last dynasty of Delhi sultanate. Canons was used for the 1st time in India in this war.
Mughal empire:------
Founded LodiDynasty.
SikenderLodi(1489-1517);--
The greatest Lodi ruler. Original name is Nizam Shah.
He wrote Persian verses under pen name 'Gulrukhi'.
Founder of Agra city.
Ibrahim Lodi(1517-1526);--
He was the last Sultan of Lodi dynasty.
1st Panipat war(1526) saw Babur defeat Ibrahim Lodi which uprooted Lodi dynasty. Lodi dynasty is the last dynasty of Delhi sultanate. Canons was used for the 1st time in India in this war.
Mughal empire:------
Babur (1526-1530):--
Founder of Mughal empire in India.
Real name- Zahiruddin Mohammad.
Whilst Babur entering India, there were 5 prominent Muslim rulers- Sultans of Delhi, Gujarat, Malwa, Bengal & Deccan.
Founder of Mughal empire in India.
Real name- Zahiruddin Mohammad.
Whilst Babur entering India, there were 5 prominent Muslim rulers- Sultans of Delhi, Gujarat, Malwa, Bengal & Deccan.
1st battle of Panipat(21st April 1526) - b/w Babur & Ibrahim Lodi(Delhi sultan), Lodi killed.
Battle of Khanua (near Agra-1527), b/w Babur & Rana Sangha (Mevar)-Rajaputras, Babur assumed the title Ghazi.
Babur defeated Medini raj(Malwa) 1528, in the battle of Chanderi.
Babur defeated Mohamed Lodi(Afghans ) in Gogra war (1529- Bihar) & owned provinces of Bengal & Bihar.
1st Mughal emperor to keep Kohinoor diamond.
Died at Agra aged 47.
Humayun (1530- 1540)
Chauza war b/w Humayun & Shershah Suri in 1539.
Shershah Suri conquered Delhi in the battle of Kanauj(1540).
Shersha built the Grand Trunk Road.
Akbar(1556- 1605) :--
2nd battle of Panipat (1556) saw Mughal ruling return to Delhi.
Akbar became king at the age of 13.
Din Elahi- The religion founded by Akbar.
'Akbarnama'written by Abul Faasal gives details regarding his reigning in that age.
Famous Hindi poets Surdas, Thulasidas were at his Durbar.
Haldighatti war between Akbar & Maharana Pratap(1576).
Gave space to build Amritsar city which was built by Guru Ramdas.
Jahangir (1605-1627) :--
Aka Prince Salim.
He was the Son of Akbar & Jodabai.
Executed 5th Sikh guru Arjun Dev for helping Prince Khusru(son) to rebel against him(1606).
Arjun Dev was the Sikh guru(1581-1606), who built Golden temple at Amritsar.
That was a Golden age of Mughal painting.
Jahangir built Shalimar & Nishant gardens (Srinagar).
Anarkali was his Lover.
In 1611, married Nur Jahan(Mehrunnisa)
Issued 12 ordinances-'Dastur-ul-Amal'.
His tomb at Lahore.
Sha Jahan (1627- 1658);--
Built Red Fort in Delhi.
Known as the Prince of construction.
Built Mothi Masjid.
Dharashikov, son of Shajahan translated Bhagavad Gita & Upanishads to Persian.
Aurangazeb (1658-1707) ;--
Killed 9th Sikh Guru Tej Bahadur.
The Rise of the Marathas;------
Battle of Khanua (near Agra-1527), b/w Babur & Rana Sangha (Mevar)-Rajaputras, Babur assumed the title Ghazi.
Babur defeated Medini raj(Malwa) 1528, in the battle of Chanderi.
Babur defeated Mohamed Lodi(Afghans ) in Gogra war (1529- Bihar) & owned provinces of Bengal & Bihar.
1st Mughal emperor to keep Kohinoor diamond.
Died at Agra aged 47.
Humayun (1530- 1540)
Chauza war b/w Humayun & Shershah Suri in 1539.
Shershah Suri conquered Delhi in the battle of Kanauj(1540).
Shersha built the Grand Trunk Road.
Akbar(1556- 1605) :--
2nd battle of Panipat (1556) saw Mughal ruling return to Delhi.
Akbar became king at the age of 13.
Din Elahi- The religion founded by Akbar.
'Akbarnama'written by Abul Faasal gives details regarding his reigning in that age.
Famous Hindi poets Surdas, Thulasidas were at his Durbar.
Haldighatti war between Akbar & Maharana Pratap(1576).
Gave space to build Amritsar city which was built by Guru Ramdas.
Jahangir (1605-1627) :--
Aka Prince Salim.
He was the Son of Akbar & Jodabai.
Executed 5th Sikh guru Arjun Dev for helping Prince Khusru(son) to rebel against him(1606).
Arjun Dev was the Sikh guru(1581-1606), who built Golden temple at Amritsar.
That was a Golden age of Mughal painting.
Jahangir built Shalimar & Nishant gardens (Srinagar).
Anarkali was his Lover.
In 1611, married Nur Jahan(Mehrunnisa)
Issued 12 ordinances-'Dastur-ul-Amal'.
His tomb at Lahore.
Sha Jahan (1627- 1658);--
Built Red Fort in Delhi.
Known as the Prince of construction.
Built Mothi Masjid.
Dharashikov, son of Shajahan translated Bhagavad Gita & Upanishads to Persian.
Aurangazeb (1658-1707) ;--
Killed 9th Sikh Guru Tej Bahadur.
The Rise of the Marathas;------
Shivaji (1627-1680);-
Born to Shahaji Bhonsle & Jija Bai.
His guru was Dadaji Kondadev.
Born to Shahaji Bhonsle & Jija Bai.
His guru was Dadaji Kondadev.
His spiritual guru was Ramdas.
Took the title 'Chhatrapathy' in 1674.
Capital is at Raighat.
He was the self declared 'Gowbrahman Prathipalak'.
His ministry was called 'Ashtapradaan' constituting 8 head members.
Prime minister (Peshwa)- in charge of economics, General administration.
(Majumdar/Amathyan)- Revenue minister.
(Senapathy)- in charge of defence.
Sachivan- helper in official matters.
(Sumanthan/Dabir)- Overseas matters.
(Pundit Rao)- Religious head
Nyayadeeshan- Dispute solver
Mantri- keeper of day-by-day information of king & his palace.
1st Peshwa- Balaji Viswanath.
The most renowned peshwa- Baajirao 1.
The capital of peshwa was at Pune.
Important taxes at the time- Chauth, Sardeshmukhi.
Vijayanagar Empire (1336-1672 A.D.) ;-------
Four dynasties ruled Vijayanagar- Sangama, Saluva, Tuluva, Aravidu.
Vijayanagar was founded by Harihara & Bukka of Sangam dynasty.
Took the title 'Chhatrapathy' in 1674.
Capital is at Raighat.
He was the self declared 'Gowbrahman Prathipalak'.
His ministry was called 'Ashtapradaan' constituting 8 head members.
Prime minister (Peshwa)- in charge of economics, General administration.
(Majumdar/Amathyan)- Revenue minister.
(Senapathy)- in charge of defence.
Sachivan- helper in official matters.
(Sumanthan/Dabir)- Overseas matters.
(Pundit Rao)- Religious head
Nyayadeeshan- Dispute solver
Mantri- keeper of day-by-day information of king & his palace.
1st Peshwa- Balaji Viswanath.
The most renowned peshwa- Baajirao 1.
The capital of peshwa was at Pune.
Important taxes at the time- Chauth, Sardeshmukhi.
Vijayanagar Empire (1336-1672 A.D.) ;-------
Four dynasties ruled Vijayanagar- Sangama, Saluva, Tuluva, Aravidu.
Vijayanagar was founded by Harihara & Bukka of Sangam dynasty.
Krishnadevarayar(1509-1530 A.D.);--
Belong to Tuluva dynasty. Also called as Andhrabhoja or Abinavabhoja.
Tuluva dynasty was formed by Veera Narasimha.
'Astadiggajas' were the eminent scholars & Tenali Raman belong to his royal court.
The remnants of the Vijayanagar was found at Hampi, Karnataka.
Ibn Battuta- the Moroccan traveler, Nicolo De Conti- the Venetian traveler, Abdur Razzak- Persian & Domingo Paes- Portuguese, had left valuable accounts on the socio-economic conditions of Vijayanagar Empire.
The poet laureate of Krishnadevarayar of Vijayanagar was Allasani Peddanna.
Karnal war fought between Nadir Shah & Mughal Kingdom(1739).
Battle of Plasi(1757) was between Siraj-ud Dawla & British army lead by Robert Clive.
Battle of Buxar(1764) was between Suoja-ud Dawla & British army lead by Hector Monroe.
Tuluva dynasty was formed by Veera Narasimha.
'Astadiggajas' were the eminent scholars & Tenali Raman belong to his royal court.
The remnants of the Vijayanagar was found at Hampi, Karnataka.
Ibn Battuta- the Moroccan traveler, Nicolo De Conti- the Venetian traveler, Abdur Razzak- Persian & Domingo Paes- Portuguese, had left valuable accounts on the socio-economic conditions of Vijayanagar Empire.
The poet laureate of Krishnadevarayar of Vijayanagar was Allasani Peddanna.
Karnal war fought between Nadir Shah & Mughal Kingdom(1739).
Battle of Plasi(1757) was between Siraj-ud Dawla & British army lead by Robert Clive.
Battle of Buxar(1764) was between Suoja-ud Dawla & British army lead by Hector Monroe.
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