Liver

The study of liver- Hepatology.
Chemical factory of the body.
Liver is the largest internal organ & gland.
It's the heaviest organ also(1.6 kg).
Liver stores maximum iron.
Urea is produced in Liver. But also produces a toxin ammonia.
Ammonia in the blood is converted to urea here. The blood toxins are neutralized in the liver.
It produces the coagulants needed in the body & fibrinogen.
Maximum vitamin A is stored in Liver.
It produces maximum heat.
Liver produces gall fluid which is stored in gall bladder.
Diseases affecting liver- hepatitis, Cirrhosis, jaundice.
Drinking most impacts liver.

Teeth

The study of the structure of the teeth called Odontology.

Orthodentology is the study of arrangement of teeth.
No.of human teeth- 32.
The no.of milk teeths-20.
Teeths are made up of Dentine.
The outer covering of teeth- Enamel. It is the most toughest part of human body. The element fluorine is required for the healthy existence of enamel.
The nerves & blood vessels of teeth is at pulp cavity.
Vitamin D(Cholecalciferol) is required for the teeth growth.
The pores in teeth is filled with dental amalgums.
Calcium Fluoride- important constituent of toothpaste.

Glands

Endocrine Glands ;--
Glands which give hormones directly to blood(not through pipes). They're of 9 types.

Pineal glands ;--
Called organic/biological clock, helps to maintain circadian rhythm. They produce hormones Melatonin & Ceratonin.

Thyroid glands ;--
Largest endocrine gland called Adam's Apple. They produce thyroxin.
Thyroid glands need iodine for proper functioning. It's deficiency result in disease Goiter.
Thyroxin deficiency in adult & children causes Mixidima & Cretinism respectively.


Parathyroid glands--
They produce Parathormone. It's deficiency result in Tetany.

Pituitary glands--
Most important of the endocrine glands, situated beneath the brain.
Called as Master/Growth Gland. Produces growth hormone Somatotropin.
The Somatotropin deficiency & excesses result in Dwarfism & Gigantism respectively.
Acromegaly- The condition of overproduction of Somatotropin after growth period.
Produces Prolactin(LTH-Luteotropic hormone).

Thymus glands ;--
Called the adult gland, produces Thymosin. It's only seen in children, with age it's efficiency decreases. It helps in developing immunity.

Pancreas glands ;--
Called as sweet bread.
Produces Amilos, Lipase, Tripsin.
The Icelets of langerhans in Pancreas produces Insulin(a peptide) & Glucagone.
Insulin decreases & Glucagone increases glucose in the blood.
Glucagone convert glycogen into glucose.
Normal Glucose level in blood- 70-110mg/100 ml(fasting level).
Diabetes mellitus- The condition of ousting of glucose through urine.
Diabetes affects Pancreas.
Adrenal glands- produces Aldosterone, Cortisol, Adrenaline(called as emergency hormone, increases blood circulation.), Noradrenaline, Estrogen, Androgen.

Skin

Dermatology- study of skin & skin related diseases.
The largest organ of the body.
Outer layer of the skin- Epidermis. It is made of protein keratin.
Melanin gives colour to skin & protect from harmful UV rays.
Melanocyte cells produce melanin.
Skin excrete water, urea, uric acid.
The duties of skin is the production & storage of fat, vitamin D, regulate body temperature.
Albinism- a genetic disease in which body won't produce melanin. It's common in negros.
Exima, psoriasis, leprosy are the diseased which effect skin.
Ceebum gives smoothness to skin.
Eczema & Scurvy are eye diseases.