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Sunday, 12 August 2018

Fundamental Rights; Indian Constitution



  Indian Constitution has 395 articles in 22 parts & 8 schedules. From time to time it has been amended and now it contains 448 articles in 25 parts & 12 schedules.

Fundamental Rights are called the Magna Carta of Indian Constitution, inspired from U.S. constitution (Bill of rights). They are included in Part 3 of Indian Constitution from Articles 12 to 35.
They're defended & guaranteed by Supreme Court of India.
Initially there were 7 fundamental rights
Right to property was deleted by 44th amendment act of 1978 & made into a legal right.
So currently there are 6 fundamental rights.
They're,
1.) Right to Equality (Articles 14-18)
Article 14- All are equal before the law.
Article 15- Prohibition of discrimination based on religion, caste, race, sex or place of birth.
Article 16- Equality in opportunity for government jobs.
Article 17- Abolition of Untouchability. (Article 17 passed by constituent assembly by hailing 'Mahatma Gandhi ki Jai').
Article 18- Abolition of titles.

2.) Right to Freedom (Articles 19-22)
Article 19.A- Right to opinion.
Article 19.1A- Indian media rights inspired from this article. Right To Information is made a fundamental right.
Article 19.2- contempt of court related to fundamental rights.
Article 21- Protection of Life & Personal Liberty.
Article 21.A - Free education for all between 6 to 14 years of age. Participating in sports & games come with right to speech & opinion.

3.) Right against exploitation (23-24)
Article 23- Prohibition of human trafficking & forced labour.
Article 24- Prohibition of children in factories.

4.) Right to Freedom of Religion (25-28)
Article 25- Freedom of Conscience, free profession, practice & propagation of religion.
Article 26- Freedom to manage religious affairs.

5.) Cultural & Educational Rights (29-30)
Article 29- Protection of interest of minorities.
Article 30- Right of minorities to establish & administer educational institutions.

6.) Right to Constitutional Remedies (32)
Article 32- Remedies for enforcement of rights conferred by this part.
Article 35- Legislation to give effect to the provisions of this part.

Fundamental rights are suspended by the proclamation of national emergency.


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